diff --git a/rag/llm/chat_model.py b/rag/llm/chat_model.py
index e43362ac2..81e1a3459 100644
--- a/rag/llm/chat_model.py
+++ b/rag/llm/chat_model.py
@@ -133,6 +133,7 @@ class Base(ABC):
             "logprobs",
             "top_logprobs",
             "extra_headers",
+            "enable_thinking"
         }
 
         gen_conf = {k: v for k, v in gen_conf.items() if k in allowed_conf}
diff --git a/rag/prompts/assign_toc_levels.md b/rag/prompts/assign_toc_levels.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fff0cd8b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rag/prompts/assign_toc_levels.md
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+You are given a JSON array of TOC items. Each item has at least {"title": string} and may include an existing structure.
+
+Task
+- For each item, assign a depth label using Arabic numerals only: top-level = 1, second-level = 2, third-level = 3, etc.
+- Multiple items may share the same depth (e.g., many 1s, many 2s).
+- Do not use dotted numbering (no 1.1/1.2). Use a single digit string per item indicating its depth only.
+- Preserve the original item order exactly. Do not insert, delete, or reorder.
+- Decide levels yourself to keep a coherent hierarchy. Keep peers at the same depth.
+
+Output
+- Return a valid JSON array only (no extra text).
+- Each element must be {"structure": "1|2|3", "title": <original title string>}.
+- title must be the original title string.
+
+Examples
+
+Example A (chapters with sections)
+Input:
+["Chapter 1 Methods", "Section 1 Definition", "Section 2 Process", "Chapter 2 Experiment"]
+
+Output:
+[
+  {"structure":"1","title":"Chapter 1 Methods"},
+  {"structure":"2","title":"Section 1 Definition"},
+  {"structure":"2","title":"Section 2 Process"},
+  {"structure":"1","title":"Chapter 2 Experiment"}
+]
+
+Example B (parts with chapters)
+Input:
+["Part I Theory", "Chapter 1 Basics", "Chapter 2 Methods", "Part II Applications", "Chapter 3 Case Studies"]
+
+Output:
+[
+  {"structure":"1","title":"Part I Theory"},
+  {"structure":"2","title":"Chapter 1 Basics"},
+  {"structure":"2","title":"Chapter 2 Methods"},
+  {"structure":"1","title":"Part II Applications"},
+  {"structure":"2","title":"Chapter 3 Case Studies"}
+]
+
+Example C (plain headings)
+Input:
+["Introduction", "Background and Motivation", "Related Work", "Methodology", "Evaluation"]
+
+Output:
+[
+  {"structure":"1","title":"Introduction"},
+  {"structure":"2","title":"Background and Motivation"},
+  {"structure":"2","title":"Related Work"},
+  {"structure":"1","title":"Methodology"},
+  {"structure":"1","title":"Evaluation"}
+]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/rag/prompts/generator.py b/rag/prompts/generator.py
index 89c9c5c1e..fa812c1ff 100644
--- a/rag/prompts/generator.py
+++ b/rag/prompts/generator.py
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ from rag.utils import encoder, num_tokens_from_string
 
 STOP_TOKEN="<|STOP|>"
 COMPLETE_TASK="complete_task"
-
+INPUT_UTILIZATION = 0.5
 
 def get_value(d, k1, k2):
     return d.get(k1, d.get(k2))
@@ -439,9 +439,9 @@ def gen_meta_filter(chat_mdl, meta_data:dict, query: str) -> list:
     return []
 
 
-def gen_json(system_prompt:str, user_prompt:str, chat_mdl):
+def gen_json(system_prompt:str, user_prompt:str, chat_mdl, gen_conf = None):
     _, msg = message_fit_in(form_message(system_prompt, user_prompt), chat_mdl.max_length)
-    ans = chat_mdl.chat(msg[0]["content"], msg[1:])
+    ans = chat_mdl.chat(msg[0]["content"], msg[1:],gen_conf=gen_conf)
     ans = re.sub(r"(^.*</think>|```json\n|```\n*$)", "", ans, flags=re.DOTALL)
     try:
         return json_repair.loads(ans)
@@ -649,4 +649,85 @@ def toc_transformer(toc_pages, chat_mdl):
     return last_complete
 
 
+TOC_LEVELS = load_prompt("assign_toc_levels")
+def assign_toc_levels(toc_secs, chat_mdl, gen_conf = {"temperature": 0.2}):
+    print("\nBegin TOC level assignment...\n")
 
+    ans = gen_json(
+        PROMPT_JINJA_ENV.from_string(TOC_LEVELS).render(),
+        str(toc_secs),
+        chat_mdl,
+        gen_conf
+    )
+    
+    return ans
+
+
+TOC_FROM_TEXT_SYSTEM = load_prompt("toc_from_text_system")
+TOC_FROM_TEXT_USER = load_prompt("toc_from_text_user")
+# Generate TOC from text chunks with text llms
+def gen_toc_from_text(text, chat_mdl):
+    ans = gen_json(
+        PROMPT_JINJA_ENV.from_string(TOC_FROM_TEXT_SYSTEM).render(),
+        PROMPT_JINJA_ENV.from_string(TOC_FROM_TEXT_USER).render(text=text),
+        chat_mdl,
+        gen_conf={"temperature": 0.0, "top_p": 0.9, "enable_thinking": False, }
+    )
+    return ans
+
+
+def split_chunks(chunks, max_length: int):
+    """
+    Pack chunks into batches according to max_length, returning [{"id": idx, "text": chunk_text}, ...].
+    Do not split a single chunk, even if it exceeds max_length.
+    """
+
+    result = []
+    batch, batch_tokens = [], 0
+
+    for idx, chunk in enumerate(chunks):
+        t = num_tokens_from_string(chunk)
+        if batch_tokens + t > max_length:
+            result.append(batch)
+            batch, batch_tokens = [], 0
+        batch.append({"id": idx, "text": chunk})    
+        batch_tokens += t
+    if batch:
+        result.append(batch)
+    return result
+
+
+def run_toc_from_text(chunks, chat_mdl):
+    input_budget = int(chat_mdl.max_length * INPUT_UTILIZATION) - num_tokens_from_string(
+        TOC_FROM_TEXT_USER + TOC_FROM_TEXT_SYSTEM
+    )
+
+    input_budget =  2000 if input_budget > 2000 else input_budget
+    chunk_sections = split_chunks(chunks, input_budget)
+    res = []
+
+    for chunk in chunk_sections:
+        ans = gen_toc_from_text(chunk, chat_mdl)
+        res.extend(ans)
+        
+    # Filter out entries with title == -1
+    filtered = [x for x in res if x.get("title") and x.get("title") != "-1"]
+
+    print("\n\nFiltered TOC sections:\n", filtered)
+
+    # Generate initial structure (structure/title)
+    raw_structure = [{"structure": "0", "title": x.get("title", "")} for x in filtered]
+
+    # Assign hierarchy levels using LLM
+    toc_with_levels = assign_toc_levels(raw_structure, chat_mdl, {"temperature": 0.0, "top_p": 0.9, "enable_thinking": False})
+
+    # Merge structure and content (by index)
+    merged = []
+    for _ , (toc_item, src_item) in enumerate(zip(toc_with_levels, filtered)):
+        merged.append({
+            "structure": toc_item.get("structure", "0"),
+            "title": toc_item.get("title", ""),
+            "content": src_item.get("content", ""),
+        })
+
+    return merged
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/rag/prompts/toc_from_text_system.md b/rag/prompts/toc_from_text_system.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f982df47d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rag/prompts/toc_from_text_system.md
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+You are a robust Table-of-Contents (TOC) extractor.
+
+GOAL
+Given a dictionary of chunks {chunk_id: chunk_text}, extract TOC-like headings and return a strict JSON array of objects:
+[
+  {"title": , "content": ""},
+  ...
+]
+
+FIELDS
+- "title": the heading text (clean, no page numbers or leader dots).
+  - If any part of a chunk has no valid heading, output that part as {"title":"-1", ...}.
+- "content": the chunk_id (string).
+  - One chunk can yield multiple JSON objects in order (unmatched text + one or more headings).
+
+RULES
+1) Preserve input chunk order strictly.
+2) If a chunk contains multiple headings, expand them in order:
+   - Pre-heading narrative → {"title":"-1","content":chunk_id}
+   - Then each heading → {"title":"...","content":chunk_id}
+3) Do not merge outputs across chunks; each object refers to exactly one chunk_id.
+4) "title" must be non-empty (or exactly "-1"). "content" must be a string (chunk_id).
+5) When ambiguous, prefer "-1" unless the text strongly looks like a heading.
+
+HEADING DETECTION (cues, not hard rules)
+- Appears near line start, short isolated phrase, often followed by content.
+- May contain separators: — —— - : ： · •
+- Numbering styles:
+  • 第[一二三四五六七八九十百]+(篇|章|节|条)
+  • [(（]?[一二三四五六七八九十]+[)）]?
+  • [(（]?[①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩][)）]?
+  • ^\d+(\.\d+)*[)．.]?\s*
+  • ^[IVXLCDM]+[).]
+  • ^[A-Z][).]
+- Canonical section cues (general only):
+  Common heading indicators include words such as:
+  "Overview", "Introduction", "Background", "Purpose", "Scope", "Definition",
+  "Method", "Procedure", "Result", "Discussion", "Summary", "Conclusion",
+  "Appendix", "Reference", "Annex", "Acknowledgment", "Disclaimer".
+  These are soft cues, not strict requirements.
+- Length restriction:
+  • Chinese heading: ≤25 characters
+  • English heading: ≤80 characters
+- Exclude long narrative sentences, continuous prose, or bullet-style lists → output as "-1".
+
+OUTPUT FORMAT
+- Return ONLY a valid JSON array of {"title","content"} objects.
+- No reasoning or commentary.
+
+EXAMPLES
+
+Example 1 — No heading
+Input:
+{0: "Copyright page · Publication info (ISBN 123-456). All rights reserved."}
+Output:
+[
+  {"title":"-1","content":"0"}
+]
+
+Example 2 — One heading
+Input:
+{1: "Chapter 1: General Provisions This chapter defines the overall rules…"}
+Output:
+[
+  {"title":"Chapter 1: General Provisions","content":"1"}
+]
+
+Example 3 — Narrative + heading
+Input:
+{2: "This paragraph introduces the background and goals. Section 2: Definitions Key terms are explained…"}
+Output:
+[
+  {"title":"-1","content":"2"},
+  {"title":"Section 2: Definitions","content":"2"}
+]
+
+Example 4 — Multiple headings in one chunk
+Input:
+{3: "Declarations and Commitments (I) Party B commits… (II) Party C commits… Appendix A Data Specification"}
+Output:
+[
+  {"title":"Declarations and Commitments (I)","content":"3"},
+  {"title":"(II)","content":"3"},
+  {"title":"Appendix A","content":"3"}
+]
+
+Example 5 — Numbering styles
+Input:
+{4: "1. Scope: Defines boundaries. 2) Definitions: Terms used. III) Methods Overview."}
+Output:
+[
+  {"title":"1. Scope","content":"4"},
+  {"title":"2) Definitions","content":"4"},
+  {"title":"III) Methods","content":"4"}
+]
+
+Example 6 — Long list (NOT headings)
+Input:
+{5: "Item list: apples, bananas, strawberries, blueberries, mangos, peaches"}
+Output:
+[
+  {"title":"-1","content":"5"}
+]
+
+Example 7 — Mixed Chinese/English
+Input:
+{6: "（出版信息略）This standard follows industry practices. Chapter 1: Overview 摘要… 第2节：术语与缩略语"}
+Output:
+[
+  {"title":"-1","content":"6"},
+  {"title":"Chapter 1: Overview","content":"6"},
+  {"title":"第2节：术语与缩略语","content":"6"}
+]
diff --git a/rag/prompts/toc_from_text_user.md b/rag/prompts/toc_from_text_user.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..952d8eff2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rag/prompts/toc_from_text_user.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+OUTPUT FORMAT
+- Return ONLY the JSON array.
+- Use double quotes.
+- No extra commentary.
+- Keep language of "title" the same as the input.
+
+INPUT
+{{text}}