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</li></ul></nav></div></div></aside><main class="docMainContainer_TBSr"><div class="container padding-top--md padding-bottom--lg"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_VOVn"><div class="docItemContainer_Djhp"><article><nav class="theme-doc-breadcrumbs breadcrumbsContainer_Z_bl" aria-label="Breadcrumbs"><ul class="breadcrumbs"><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><a aria-label="Home page" class="breadcrumbs__link" href="/"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="breadcrumbHomeIcon_YNFT"><path d="M10 19v-5h4v5c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-7h1.7c.46 0 .68-.57.33-.87L12.67 3.6c-.38-.34-.96-.34-1.34 0l-8.36 7.53c-.34.3-.13.87.33.87H5v7c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></a></li><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><span class="breadcrumbs__link">Develop</span></li><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><span class="breadcrumbs__link">Storage and memory</span></li><li class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class="breadcrumbs__link">Manage memory</span></li></ul></nav><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>Memory management options</h1></header><style>[data-ch-theme="github-dark"] { --ch-t-colorScheme: dark;--ch-t-foreground: #c9d1d9;--ch-t-background: #0d1117;--ch-t-lighter-inlineBackground: #0d1117e6;--ch-t-editor-background: #0d1117;--ch-t-editor-foreground: #c9d1d9;--ch-t-editor-lineHighlightBackground: #6e76811a;--ch-t-editor-rangeHighlightBackground: #ffffff0b;--ch-t-editor-infoForeground: #3794FF;--ch-t-editor-selectionBackground: #264F78;--ch-t-focusBorder: #1f6feb;--ch-t-tab-activeBackground: #0d1117;--ch-t-tab-activeForeground: #c9d1d9;--ch-t-tab-inactiveBackground: #010409;--ch-t-tab-inactiveForeground: #8b949e;--ch-t-tab-border: #30363d;--ch-t-tab-activeBorder: #0d1117;--ch-t-editorGroup-border: #30363d;--ch-t-editorGroupHeader-tabsBackground: #010409;--ch-t-editorLineNumber-foreground: #6e7681;--ch-t-input-background: #0d1117;--ch-t-input-foreground: #c9d1d9;--ch-t-input-border: #30363d;--ch-t-icon-foreground: #8b949e;--ch-t-sideBar-background: #010409;--ch-t-sideBar-foreground: #c9d1d9;--ch-t-sideBar-border: #30363d;--ch-t-list-activeSelectionBackground: #6e768166;--ch-t-list-activeSelectionForeground: #c9d1d9;--ch-t-list-hoverBackground: #6e76811a;--ch-t-list-hoverForeground: #c9d1d9; }</style>
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<p>Langflow provides flexible memory management options for storage and retrieval of data relevant to your flows and your Langflow server.
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This includes essential Langflow database tables, file management, and caching, as well as chat memory.</p>
|
||
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="storage-options-and-paths">Storage options and paths<a href="#storage-options-and-paths" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Storage options and paths" title="Direct link to Storage options and paths"></a></h2>
|
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<p>Langflow supports both local memory and external memory options.</p>
|
||
<p>Langflow's default storage option is a <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SQLite</a> database stored in your system's cache directory.
|
||
The default storage path depends on your operation system and installation method:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>macOS Desktop</strong>: <code>/Users/<username>/.langflow/data/database.db</code></li>
|
||
<li><strong>Windows Desktop</strong>: <code>C:\Users\<name>\AppData\Roaming\com.Langflow\data\langflow.db</code></li>
|
||
<li><strong>OSS macOS/Windows/Linux/WSL (<code>uv pip install</code>)</strong>: <code><path_to_venv>/lib/python3.12/site-packages/langflow/langflow.db</code> (Python version may vary)</li>
|
||
<li><strong>OSS macOS/Windows/Linux/WSL (<code>git clone</code>)</strong>: <code><path_to_clone>/src/backend/base/langflow/langflow.db</code></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>Alternatively, you can use an external PostgreSQL database for all of your Langflow storage.
|
||
You can also selectively use external storage for chat memory, separate from other Langflow storage.
|
||
For more information, see <a href="#configure-external-memory">Configure external memory</a> and <a href="#store-chat-memory">Store chat memory</a>.</p>
|
||
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="local-langflow-database-tables">Local Langflow database tables<a href="#local-langflow-database-tables" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Local Langflow database tables" title="Direct link to Local Langflow database tables"></a></h2>
|
||
<p>The following tables are stored in <code>langflow.db</code>:</p>
|
||
<p>• <strong>User</strong>: Stores user account information including credentials, permissions, and profiles. For more information, see <a href="/api-keys-and-authentication">API keys and authentication</a>.</p>
|
||
<p>• <strong>Flow</strong>: Contains flow configurations. For more information, see <a href="/concepts-flows">Build flows</a>.</p>
|
||
<p>• <strong>Message</strong>: Stores chat messages and interactions that occur between components. For more information, see <a href="/data-types#message">Message objects</a> and <a href="#store-chat-memory">Store chat memory</a>.</p>
|
||
<p>• <strong>Transaction</strong>: Records execution history and results of flow runs. This information is used for <a href="/logging">logging</a>.</p>
|
||
<p>• <strong>ApiKey</strong>: Manages API authentication keys for Langflow users. Component API keys are stored in the <strong>Variables</strong> table. For more information, see <a href="/api-keys-and-authentication">API keys and authentication</a>.</p>
|
||
<p>• <strong>Project</strong>: Provides a structure for flow storage. For more information, see <a href="/concepts-flows#projects">Projects</a>.</p>
|
||
<p>• <strong>Variables</strong>: Stores global encrypted values and credentials. For more information, see <a href="/configuration-global-variables">Global variables</a>.</p>
|
||
<p>• <strong>VertexBuild</strong>: Tracks the build status of individual nodes within flows. For more information, see <a href="/concepts-playground">Run a flow in the Playground</a>.</p>
|
||
<p>For more information, see the database models in the <a href="https://github.com/langflow-ai/langflow/tree/main/src/backend/base/langflow/services/database/models" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">source code</a>.</p>
|
||
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="configure-external-memory">Configure external memory<a href="#configure-external-memory" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Configure external memory" title="Direct link to Configure external memory"></a></h2>
|
||
<p>To replace the default Langflow SQLite database with another database, modify the <code>LANGFLOW_DATABASE_URL</code> environment variable, and then start Langflow with your <code>.env</code> file:</p>
|
||
<div class="ch-codeblock not-prose" data-ch-theme="github-dark"><div class="ch-code-wrapper ch-code" data-ch-measured="false"><code class="ch-code-scroll-parent"><br><div><span class="ch-code-line-number">_<!-- -->10</span><div style="display:inline-block;margin-left:16px"><span>LANGFLOW_DATABASE_URL=postgresql://user:password@localhost:5432/langflow</span></div></div><br></code></div></div>
|
||
<p>For an example, see <a href="/configuration-custom-database">Configure an external PostgreSQL database</a>.</p>
|
||
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="configure-the-external-database-connection">Configure the external database connection<a href="#configure-the-external-database-connection" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Configure the external database connection" title="Direct link to Configure the external database connection"></a></h3>
|
||
<p>The following settings allow you to fine-tune your database connection pool and timeout settings:</p>
|
||
<div class="ch-codeblock not-prose" data-ch-theme="github-dark"><div class="ch-code-wrapper ch-code" data-ch-measured="false"><code class="ch-code-scroll-parent"><br><div><span class="ch-code-line-number">_<!-- -->10</span><div style="display:inline-block;margin-left:16px"><span>LANGFLOW_DB_CONNECTION_SETTINGS='{"pool_size": 20, "max_overflow": 30, "pool_timeout": 30, "pool_pre_ping": true, "pool_recycle": 1800, "echo": false}'</span></div></div><div><span class="ch-code-line-number">_<!-- -->10</span><div style="display:inline-block;margin-left:16px"><span>LANGFLOW_DB_CONNECT_TIMEOUT=20</span></div></div><br></code></div></div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>pool_size</code>: Maximum number of database connections to keep in the pool (default: 20)</li>
|
||
<li><code>max_overflow</code>: Maximum number of connections that can be created beyond the pool_size (default: 30)</li>
|
||
<li><code>pool_timeout</code>: Number of seconds to wait before timing out on getting a connection from the pool (default: 30)</li>
|
||
<li><code>pool_pre_ping</code>: If true, the pool tests connections for liveness upon each checkout (default: true)</li>
|
||
<li><code>pool_recycle</code>: Number of seconds after which a connection is automatically recycled (default: 1800, or 30 minutes)</li>
|
||
<li><code>echo</code>: If true, SQL queries are logged for debugging purposes (default: false)</li>
|
||
<li><code>LANGFLOW_DB_CONNECT_TIMEOUT</code>: Maximum number of seconds to wait when establishing a new database connection (default: 20)</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="configure-cache-memory">Configure cache memory<a href="#configure-cache-memory" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Configure cache memory" title="Direct link to Configure cache memory"></a></h2>
|
||
<p>The default Langflow caching behavior is an asynchronous, in-memory cache.</p>
|
||
<div class="ch-codeblock not-prose" data-ch-theme="github-dark"><div class="ch-code-wrapper ch-code" data-ch-measured="false"><code class="ch-code-scroll-parent"><br><div><span class="ch-code-line-number">_<!-- -->10</span><div style="display:inline-block;margin-left:16px"><span>LANGFLOW_LANGCHAIN_CACHE=InMemoryCache</span></div></div><div><span class="ch-code-line-number">_<!-- -->10</span><div style="display:inline-block;margin-left:16px"><span>LANGFLOW_CACHE_TYPE=Async</span></div></div><br></code></div></div>
|
||
<p>Alternative caching options can be configured, but options other than the default asynchronous, in-memory cache are not supported.
|
||
The default behavior is suitable for most use cases.</p>
|
||
<p>For other options, see the <code>LANGFLOW_CACHE_TYPE</code> <a href="/environment-variables">environment variable</a>.</p>
|
||
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="store-chat-memory">Store chat memory<a href="#store-chat-memory" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Store chat memory" title="Direct link to Store chat memory"></a></h2>
|
||
<p>Chat-based flows with a <strong>Language Model</strong> or <strong>Agent</strong> component have built-in chat memory that is enabled by default.
|
||
This memory allows them to retrieve and reference messages from previous conversations associated with the same session ID.</p>
|
||
<p>Built-in chat memory stores memories in the Langflow <code>messages</code> table.</p>
|
||
<details class="details_lb9f alert alert--info details_b_Ee" data-collapsed="true"><summary>How does chat memory work?</summary><div><div class="collapsibleContent_i85q"><p>Chat memory is a cache for the LLM or agent to preserve past conversations to retain and reference that context in future interactions.
|
||
For example, if a user has already told the LLM their name, the LLM can retrieve that information from chat memory rather than asking the user to repeat themselves in future conversations or messages.</p><p>Chat memory is distinct from vector store memory because it is built specifically for storing and retrieving chat messages from databases.</p><p>Components that support chat memory (such as the <strong>Agent</strong>, <strong>Language Model</strong>, <strong>Message History</strong>, or third-party <strong>Chat Memory</strong> components) provide access to their respective databases <em>as memory</em>.
|
||
Retrieval as memory is an important distinction for LLMs and agents because this storage and retrieval mechanism is specifically designed to recall context from past conversations.
|
||
Unlike vector stores, which are designed for semantic search and retrieval of text chunks, chat memory is designed to store and retrieve chat messages in a way that is optimized for conversation history.</p></div></div></details>
|
||
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="session-id-and-chat-memory">Session ID and chat memory<a href="#session-id-and-chat-memory" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Session ID and chat memory" title="Direct link to Session ID and chat memory"></a></h3>
|
||
<p>Chat memories are grouped by <a href="/session-id">session ID (<code>session_id</code>)</a>.</p>
|
||
<p>The default session ID is the flow ID, which means that all chat messages for a flow are stored under the same session ID as one large chat session.</p>
|
||
<p>For better segregation of chat memory, especially in flows used by multiple users, consider using custom session IDs.
|
||
For example, if you use user IDs as session IDs, then each user's chat history is stored separately, isolating the context of their chats from other users' chats.</p>
|
||
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="chat-memory-options">Chat memory options<a href="#chat-memory-options" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Chat memory options" title="Direct link to Chat memory options"></a></h3>
|
||
<p>Where and how chat memory is stored depends on the components used in your flow:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><strong>Language Model and Agent components</strong>: All messages are stored in <a href="#storage-options-and-paths">Langflow storage</a>.
|
||
The <strong>Agent</strong> component provides some memory configuration options, such as <strong>Number of Chat History Messages</strong>.</p>
|
||
<p>The <strong>Language Model</strong> and <strong>Agent</strong> component's built-in chat memory are sufficient for most use cases.</p>
|
||
<p>If you prefer to use dedicated, external chat memory storage, or you need to retrieve memories outside the context of a chat, you can add <strong>Message History</strong> and <strong>Chat Memory</strong> components to your flow.</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><strong>Message History component</strong>: By default, this component stores and retrieves memories from Langflow storage, unless you attach a <strong>Chat Memory</strong> component. It provides a few more options for sorting and filtering memories, although most of these options are built-in to the <strong>Agent</strong> component as configurable or fixed parameters.</p>
|
||
<p>You can use the <strong>Message History</strong> component with or without a <strong>Language Model</strong> or <strong>Agent</strong> component.
|
||
For example, if you need to retrieve data from memories outside of chat, you can use the <strong>Message History</strong> component to fetch that data directly from your chat memory database without feeding it into a chat.</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><strong>Third-party Chat Memory components</strong>: Use one of these components only if you need to specifically store or retrieve chat memories from a dedicated chat memory database.
|
||
Typically, this is necessary only if you have specific storage needs that aren't met by Langflow storage.
|
||
For example, if you want to manage chat memory data by directly working with the database, or if you want to use a different database than the default Langflow storage.</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>For more information and examples, see <a href="/components-helpers#message-history"><strong>Message History</strong> component</a> and <a href="/agents#agent-memory">Agent memory</a>.</p>
|
||
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="see-also">See also<a href="#see-also" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to See also" title="Direct link to See also"></a></h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="/concepts-file-management">Langflow file management</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/logging">Langflow logs</a></li>
|
||
</ul></div></article><nav class="docusaurus-mt-lg pagination-nav" aria-label="Docs pages"><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--prev" href="/concepts-file-management"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Manage files</div></a><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--next" href="/session-id"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Use Session IDs</div></a></nav></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_bqdL thin-scrollbar theme-doc-toc-desktop"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#storage-options-and-paths" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Storage options and paths</a></li><li><a href="#local-langflow-database-tables" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Local Langflow database tables</a></li><li><a href="#configure-external-memory" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Configure external memory</a><ul><li><a href="#configure-the-external-database-connection" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Configure the external database connection</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#configure-cache-memory" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Configure cache memory</a></li><li><a href="#store-chat-memory" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Store chat memory</a><ul><li><a href="#session-id-and-chat-memory" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Session ID and chat memory</a></li><li><a href="#chat-memory-options" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Chat memory options</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#see-also" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">See also</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div></div><footer class="theme-layout-footer footer"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="theme-layout-footer-column col footer__col"><div class="footer__title"></div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><div class="footer-links">
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